Subcellular components

Subcellular components

(Information about Subcellular components)

Subceullar compartments is the study of efficency and diviced labor within the cell. Just as our society has professions in which people do a specific job very well. The cell create subregions, each of which allows certain cells functions for operating more effectively. Like subdivision of cells into discrete compartments or parts enables the cells to create specialised environments for specific functions. 

These compartments can be organelles to specific structures that it take on sets of tasks within the cell or they can be local regions of the cell defined by the concentration of molecules or distinct physical characteristics and proportions

A only one challenge for subcellular compartments it is how to get materials in and out across the membranes, and each compartment has its own solution. 

The complexity of the structures ranges from mitochondria and plastids with their own DNA and ribosomes, to the Golgi apparatus with its multiple cisternae, to fairly simple vacuoles and vesicles. In addition to the membrane-bound structures, eukaryotes also have a complex cytoskeleton made of three distinctly different components: microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. Each of the three plays a role in maintaining cell shape, and microtubules and actin are also involved in internal transport as well as cell motility. 

Defects in any of these structures may lead to clinical disorders. For example, altered intermediate filaments in the nuclear envelope causes a cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial defects can lead to a variety of neuromuscular disorders, and mutations in cilia or flagella may lead to polycystic kidney disease or sterility.